Ten CMD commands necessary for network engineers
在网络工程师的工作中，命令行工具是日常工作中不可或缺的一部分。特别是CMD命令，可以帮助工程师快速定位问题、优化网络，或者配置和诊断网络。下面列出了十条网络工程师必备的CMD命令，它们涵盖了从网络连接检测到配置查看等各个方面。
Command-line tools are an integral part of a network engineer’s daily routine. CMD commands, in particular, can help engineers quickly locate problems, optimize networks, or configure and diagnose networks. Here are ten CMD commands that network engineers must have, covering everything from network connection detection to configuration review.
Command-line tools are an integral part of a network engineer’s daily routine. CMD commands, in particular, can help engineers quickly locate problems, optimize networks, or configure and diagnose networks. Here are ten CMD commands that network engineers must have, covering everything from network connection detection to configuration review.
1. ping
ping 命令用来检查网络连接是否正常。它是最基础的网络排障工具，可以帮助我们确认主机或设备是否能够互相通信。
The ping command is used to check whether the network connection is normal. It is the most basic network troubleshooting tool that can help us confirm whether hosts or devices can communicate with each other.
The ping command is used to check whether the network connection is normal. It is the most basic network troubleshooting tool that can help us confirm whether hosts or devices can communicate with each other.
示例： Examples:
ping 网址/IP地址 ping URL/IP address
这条命令会发送数据包到百度服务器，如果网络正常，会返回响应时间。
This command will send packets to Baidu server, if the network is normal, will return the response time.
This command will send packets to Baidu server, if the network is normal, will return the response time.
2. ipconfig
ipconfig 是查看和配置网络接口的命令。通过它可以查看IP地址、子网掩码、默认网关等信息，是排查网络连接问题的重要工具。
ipconfig is a command to view and configure network interfaces. It can view IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and other information, is an important tool for troubleshooting network connection problems.
ipconfig is a command to view and configure network interfaces. It can view IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and other information, is an important tool for troubleshooting network connection problems.
示例： Example:
ipconfig /all
显示所有网络接口的详细信息。 Displays details of all network interfaces.
3. tracert
tracert（trace route）命令用于追踪数据包从计算机到目标地址的路径，能够帮助网络工程师分析网络的跳数及延迟。
The tracert (trace route) command is used to trace the path of packets from the computer to the destination address, helping network engineers analyze the hop count and latency of the network.
The tracert (trace route) command is used to trace the path of packets from the computer to the destination address, helping network engineers analyze the hop count and latency of the network.
示例： Examples:
tracert 网址/IP地址 tracert URL/IP address
它会显示从本地计算机到百度服务器经过的路由器及各跳的延迟情况。
It will show the router and the delay of each hop from the local computer to Baidu server.
It will show the router and the delay of each hop from the local computer to Baidu server.
4. nslookup
nslookup 命令用于查询DNS记录，帮助我们确认域名解析是否正常。如果无法解析域名，就可以使用这个命令查找问题所在。
The nslookup command is used to query DNS records to help us confirm whether domain name resolution is normal. If you cannot resolve the domain name, you can use this command to find the problem.
The nslookup command is used to query DNS records to help us confirm whether domain name resolution is normal. If you cannot resolve the domain name, you can use this command to find the problem.
示例： Example:
nslookup 网址 nslookup URL
返回百度的IP地址等DNS解析信息。 Return DNS resolution information such as Baidu IP address.
5. netstat
netstat 命令用来显示当前计算机上的网络连接情况，包括所有的入站和出站连接，以及计算机的端口状态。它对于排查网络连接异常非常有用。
The netstat command is used to display network connectivity on the current computer, including all inbound and outbound connections, as well as the port status of the computer. It is useful for troubleshooting network connectivity anomalies.
The netstat command is used to display network connectivity on the current computer, including all inbound and outbound connections, as well as the port status of the computer. It is useful for troubleshooting network connectivity anomalies.
示例： Examples:
netstat -an
显示所有网络连接和监听的端口。 Displays all network connections and listening ports.
6. arp
arp 命令用于查看和修改计算机的ARP缓存表。ARP（地址解析协议）用于将IP地址转换为物理MAC地址，使用这个命令可以排查局域网内设备的连接问题。
The arp command is used to view and modify the computer’s ARP cache table. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to translate IP addresses into physical MAC addresses. Use this command to troubleshoot connectivity problems with devices in a local area network.
The arp command is used to view and modify the computer’s ARP cache table. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to translate IP addresses into physical MAC addresses. Use this command to troubleshoot connectivity problems with devices in a local area network.
示例： Examples:
arp -a
显示本地计算机的ARP缓存。 Displays the ARP cache of the local computer.
7. route
route 命令用于查看和修改计算机的路由表。网络中的数据包会根据路由表的指引来选择路径，这个命令能帮助你检查数据包的流向。
The route command is used to view and modify a computer’s routing table. Packets in the network will follow the routing table to choose the path, this command can help you check the packet flow direction.
The route command is used to view and modify a computer’s routing table. Packets in the network will follow the routing table to choose the path, this command can help you check the packet flow direction.
示例： Example:
route print
显示当前的路由表。 Displays the current routing table.
8. netsh
netsh 是一个功能强大的网络配置命令，可以用来查看或更改计算机的网络设置。比如，修改IP配置、开启或关闭网络适配器等。
Netsh is a powerful network configuration command that you can use to view or change your computer’s network settings. For example, modify IP configuration, turn on or off network adapters, etc.
Netsh is a powerful network configuration command that you can use to view or change your computer’s network settings. For example, modify IP configuration, turn on or off network adapters, etc.
示例： Example:
netsh interface ipv4 show config
显示IPv4的网络配置信息。 Displays network configuration information for IPv4.
9. hostname
hostname 命令用于查看或设置当前计算机的主机名。在网络中，主机名是标识一台设备的重要信息。
The hostname command is used to view or set the hostname of the current computer. In a network, a hostname is important information that identifies a device.
The hostname command is used to view or set the hostname of the current computer. In a network, a hostname is important information that identifies a device.
示例： Examples:
hostname
显示当前计算机的主机名。 Displays the host name of the current computer.
10. telnet
telnet 命令用于连接远程主机，测试远程端口的可达性。虽然telnet在很多新系统中被替代为SSH，但它仍然是测试某些服务端口是否开放的有效工具。
The telnet command is used to connect to remote hosts and test the reachability of remote ports. Although telnet has been replaced by SSH in many new systems, it is still a useful tool for testing whether certain service ports are open.
The telnet command is used to connect to remote hosts and test the reachability of remote ports. Although telnet has been replaced by SSH in many new systems, it is still a useful tool for testing whether certain service ports are open.
示例： Example:
telnet 地址 端口号 telnet address port number
尝试连接到IP地址为192.168.1.1的设备的80端口（通常是Web服务）。
Try to connect to port 80 of the device with IP address 192.168.1.1 (usually a Web service).
Try to connect to port 80 of the device with IP address 192.168.1.1 (usually a Web service).
Updated on November 15, 2024
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